Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to address some of today’s biggest educational and training challenges, to innovate teaching and learning practices, and to accelerate progress towards quality, inclusive, equitable, and lifelong education (4th Goal of Sustainable Development of UNESCO, 2015). However, both AI and its presence in the educational system and in societies already have a history, and numerous authors of the past – pedagogues, sociologists, philosophers and intellectuals belonging to different fields of knowledge – have questioned the opportunities, risks, and challenges generated by rapid technological developments. The articles included in this issue first investigate the history and, secondly, the implications of the use of AI in education, in relation to the future of the labor market and the development of skills in training courses.